Safe Languages

A safe language is one where a part depends on another part only if it names it.
C/C++ is not safe because you can (by mistake) write-over the contents of any variable.
Safe languages employ several techniques---strong typing, memory management---to achieve their goal.
They have been around since 1966: Algol-60, Pascal, Modula, Lisp, Java.
Some safe languages guarantee type correctnes at compile time by static typing.
Others do it at runtime: dynamic typing