@InProceedings{katz06a,
  author =	 {Ron Katz and Sarit Kraus},
  title =	 {Efficient Agents for Cliff-Edge Environments with a
                  Large Set of Decision Options},
  booktitle =	 {Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint
                  Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent
                  Systems},
  crossref =	 {aamas06},
  pages =	 {697--705},
  year =	 2006,
  abstract =	 {This paper proposes an efficient agent for competing
                  in Cliff Edge (CE) environments, such as sealed-bid
                  auctions, dynamic pricing and the ultimatum
                  game. The agent competes in one-shot CE interactions
                  repeatedly, each time against a different human
                  opponent, and its performance is evaluated based on
                  all the interactions in which it participates. The
                  agent, which learns the general pattern of the
                  population's behavior, does not apply any examples
                  of previous interactions in the environment, neither
                  of other competitors nor its own. We propose a
                  generic approach which competes in different CE
                  environments under the same configuration, with no
                  knowledge about the specific rules of each
                  environment. The underlying mechanism of the
                  proposed agent is a new meta-algorithm, Deviated
                  Virtual Learning (DVL), which extends existing
                  methods to efficiently cope with environments
                  comprising a large number of optional decisions at
                  each decision point. Experiments comparing the
                  performance of the proposed algorithm with
                  algorithms taken from the literature, as well as
                  another intuitive meta-algorithm, reveal a
                  significant superiority of the former in average
                  payoff and stability. In addition, the agent
                  performed better than human competitors executing
                  the same task.},
  url = 	 {http://jmvidal.cse.sc.edu/library/katz06a.pdf},
  cluster = 	 {5299958810479469740}
}