Software is Still Buggy

IBM survey, 1994
- 55% of systems cost more than expected.
- 68% overran schedules.
- 88% had to be substantially redesigned.
Advanced Automation System, FAA, 1982-1994
- Industry average was $100/line, expected to pay $500/line.
- ended up paying $700-900/line.
- $6B of work ended up discarded.
Bureau of Labor Statistics,1997
- for every 6 systems put into operation, 2 canceled
- probability of cancellation is about 50% for biggest systems.
- average project overshoots schedule by 50%
- 3/4 systems are regarded as operating failures