@Article{couzin02a,
  author =	 {Iain D. Couzin and Jens Krause and Richard James and
                  Graeme D. Ruxtons and Nigel R. Franks},
  title =	 {Collective Memory and Spatial Sorting in Animal
                  Groups},
  journal =	 {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
  year =	 2002,
  volume =	 218,
  pages =	 {1--11},
  abstract =	 {We present a self-organizing model of group
                  formation in three-dimensional space, and use it to
                  investigate the spatial dynamics of animal groups
                  such as fish schools and bird flocks. We reveal the
                  existence of major group-level behavioural
                  transitions related to minor changes in
                  individual-level interactions. Further, we present
                  the first evidence for collective memory in such
                  animal groups (where the previous history of group
                  structure influences the collective behaviour
                  exhibited as individual interactions change) during
                  the transition of a group from one type of
                  collective behaviour to another. The model is then
                  used to show how differences among individuals
                  influence group structure, and how individuals
                  employing simple, local rules of thumb, can
                  accurately change their spatial position within a
                  group (e.g. to move to the centre, the front, or the
                  periphery) in the absence of information on their
                  current position within the group as a whole. These
                  results are considered in the context of the
                  evolution and ecological importance of animal
                  groups.},
  url = 	 {http://jmvidal.cse.sc.edu/library/couzin02a.pdf},
  doi = 	 {10.1006/yjtbi.3065},
  cluster = 	 {17555433556525846063}
}